Thursday, 19 March 2020

Coronavirus in Russia: The Latest News | March 19



Russia has stepped up its measures to tackle the coronavirus pandemic and prevent its spread within the country.Alexander Avilov / Moskva News Agency
As the new coronavirus that has killed more than 8,800 people continues to spread around the world, Russia has stepped up its measures to tackle the pandemic and prevent its spread within the country.
There have been 147 cases of coronavirus infections reported in Russia so far and one death.
The number of confirmed cases in Russia as of March 18.MT

Below are the latest updates on Russia’s response to the coronavirus:

March 19
—  A 79-year-old Russian woman with pre-existing conditions has died in a Moscow hospital after testing positive for the coronavirus. It is the first coronavirus-related death in the country.
— The Russian government is considering imposing anti-coronavirus measures — such as banning large gatherings, closing schools and encouraging working from home — across the entire country, the state-run RIA Novosti news agency reported. So far, only Moscow, St. Petersburg and a few other cities have adopted these measures.
— Russia's consumer protection watchdog has ordered mandatory two-week isolation at home for all people entering the country even if they show no symptoms of coronavirus.
— Russian courts will stop considering all except the most urgent cases from Thursday onwards until April 10 to contain the spread of coronavirus, a decision by the Supreme Court on Wednesday showed.
March 18
— Russia reported 33 new cases of coronavirus, bringing the total up to 147 from 114 the previous day and marking a 29% increase. 
— President Vladimir Putin has ordered an April 22 nationwide vote on constitutional amendments, which would allow him to run again for president. He said the vote will be postponed if the coronavirus pandemic requires it. 
— Russian schools will go on a three-week vacation from March 23 to April 12 to prevent the spread of coronavirus, Education Minister Sergei Kravtsov said.
— Russia will limit flights to the United States, Britain and the United Arab Emirates starting Friday, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin ordered.
— Russian prisoners, students and military personnel will produce medical masks and other equipment as the country faces down the coronavirus pandemic, the RBC news website reported.
— Employees of the presidential administration and journalists covering President Vladimir Putin's upcoming trips are being tested for coronavirus, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
— Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin has urged employers to allow their employees to work from home to prevent the spread of infection.
— St. Petersburg has banned events and gatherings with more than 50 attendees as well as all sporting and cultural events.
— The Federal Penitentiary Service said it will suspend visits to inmates in pre-trial detention centers and prisons.
— Journalists accredited with foreign media outlets have been barred from the Russian State Duma over the coronavirus, BBC Russian correspondent Pyotr Kozlov said. Journalists from Russian media are still permitted to enter, he added.
— Moscow's network of facial recognition cameras has detected more than 200 people who violated orders to self-quarantine because they might be infected with the virus, the city's police chief Oleg Baranov said.
— Russia has closed Bolshevik revolutionary Vladimir Lenin's tomb on Moscow's Red Square to the public, the Kremlin guard service said, making it the latest Russian tourist attraction to shut down amid coronavirus fears. The Kremlin wall necropolis, where Soviet leaders such as Josef Stalin are buried, will also be closed.
— The annual Eurovision song contest has been canceled due to the coronavirus epidemic, its organizers announced. Rave-pop band Little Big had been set to represent Russia in this year's competition.
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March 17
— The number of confirmed coronavirus cases in Russia has risen to 114, Deputy Prime Minister Tatiana Golikova said, a 22% increase from Monday. Ten of these infections were transmitted within the country rather than contracted abroad, she added.
— Moscow authorities have denied reports that they will introduce a near-total shutdown of the city to contain the spread of the coronavirus.
— President Vladimir Putin said the situation with the spreading coronavirus is "under control" in the country after infections were "contained."
— Russia's embassies and consulates have suspended the processing of documents and issuing of all types of visas, including e-visas, the Foreign Ministry said. The ministry said there are a small number of exceptions, including for diplomats and people attending funerals of close relatives in Russia.
 Football's 2020 European Championship has been postponed for a year because of the outbreak of the coronavirus, the Norwegian and Swedish FAs said on Tuesday.
— Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin's cabinet plans to unveil a slew of new economic and regulatory measures to reduce the coronavirus' impact on Wednesday, including creating an anti-crisis fund of 300 billion rubles ($4.05 billion) to support Russian citizens and the Russian economy and compensating quarantined citizens, including freelancers and the self-employed, for lost income.
— Ukraine has temporarily closed 107 of its border checkpoints, including those with neighboring Russia, as it seeks to prevent the coronavirus from spreading. Ukraine has registered five cases of coronavirus.
— Russia's airlines could lose 100 billion rubles ($1.4 billion) due to the coronavirus outbreak and risk going bankrupt, the head of Russia's Federal Air Transport Agency, also known as Rosaviatsiya, told Interfax. 
— Russia's Agriculture Ministry has ordered all of Russia's regions to ready a two-month food supply to prevent shortages.
— The Russian Orthodox Church is instigating an unprecedented list of measures aiming to prevent the spread of the coronavirus in its sacred spaces nationwide, it said in a statement.
— Russia's Energy Ministry has suspended the majority of its foreign and domestic business trips, with the exception of urgent cases, to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, Deputy Energy Minister Anastasia Bondarenko said.
— Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied reports that President Vladimir Putin is preparing an address to the nation about the coronavirus.
— Russia's consumer protection watchdog, Rospotrebnadzor, has orderedRussia's regions to test everyone who has been in Europe in the past two weeks for the coronavirus.
— All football, hockey and basketball games will be suspended in Russia until April 10, the state-run TASS news agency reported, citing a source to Russia's national leagues. The Russian Football Union confirmed the news.
— Russian tourists in Europe are trapped abroad as flights have been canceled and borders closed due to the coronavirus crisis, a spokeswoman for Russia’s travel industry union told Interfax.
March 16
— Russia will ban the entry of foreign nationals and stateless people from March 18 to May 1 in response to the coronavirus outbreak, the government said. The ban will not apply to diplomatic representatives, airplane crew members and some other categories of people.
— The number of coronavirus infections in Russia has risen to 93, a 47% increase from the previous day, the state-run TASS news agency reported, citing Deputy Prime Minister Tatiana Golikova.
— European Union leaders are considering temporarily banning all non-essential travel into the Schengen borderless travel zone by non-EU citizens, the BBC reported, citing a diplomatic note it obtained.
— Moscow has banned all public events larger than 50 people from now until April 10, Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said in a new decree. Older citizens are also advised to stay at home.
— From March 21 to April 12, all schools and universities will be closed, Sobyanin said. 
— An Irish citizen has been hospitalized with suspected coronavirus infection in the city of Murmansk in Russia’s Arctic after participating in a chess tournament.
— People entering Russia from the United States, Britain, the European Union, Ukraine, Belarus and all other non-EU countries in Europe — as well as those who live with them — will now be required to self-isolate for 14 days upon arrival.
— Starting today, coronavirus tests will be available for free in St. Petersburg, city health officials said.
— President Vladimir Putin has ordered the creation of a special working group within the State Council to fight the spread of the coronavirus. Putin put Sobyanin in charge of the new group, which will also include government officials.
— Russia's Science and Higher Education Ministry recommended that higher educational institutions switch to distance learning from Monday.
— Russia has closed its border with neighboring Belarus as a "proactive step" to halt the coronavirus' spread, the state-run TASS news agency quoted Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin as saying.
— A Russian patient has escaped from coronavirus quarantine near Moscow, the hospital’s head physician said Monday. The woman has been detained and returned to the hospital after police found her at her home.
March 15
— Russia registered four more cases of coronavirus, Interfax reported, bringing the total number of infections to 63.
— Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin denied that the authorities are downplayingthe numbers of coronavirus patients in the capital.
— The Russian protection watchdog Rospotrebnadzor confirmed the first community transmission of the coronavirus in Russia, RBC reported, but this information was later removed from Rospotrebnadzor's statement.
— Rospotrebnadzor also said it ran just over 104,000 coronavirus tests since the start of the outbreak while 14,742 people are currently being monitored for coronavirus.
 — A Russian Orthodox Church spokesperson said it will not be closing churches or canceling religious proceedings. 
— Russian Railways announced it would stop international passenger trains from Moscow to Berlin and Paris. Earlier it was announced that train connections to and from Ukraine, Moldova and Latvia will be suspended.
March 14
— Russia has confirmed 14 new cases of coronavirus, bringing the total to 59, the state-run RIA news agency reported. Nine of the new cases are in Moscow, one in the Moscow region, one in St. Petersburg, two in Kemerovo and one in Kaliningrad.
— Moscow's chief sanitary doctor Elena Andreeva signed a decree on new measures to combat coronavirus, including compulsory hospitalization of patients with atypical course of flu and banning visitors in hospitals, orphanages and boarding schools.
— Russia will close its land borders with Poland and Norway to foreigners in a bid to limit the spread of the new coronavirus, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said in a statement.
— Moscow and the Moscow region will make school attendance optional starting on Monday in a bid to curb the spread of the coronavirus.
— Moscow authorities recommended that private schools go on a two-week vacation or switch to online teaching, the RBC news website reported.
March 13
— Russia confirmed 11 new cases of coronavirus, bringing the total to 45, the RBC news website reported, citing the country's coronavirus crisis center.
— Russia is limiting flights with Europe from Monday to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.
— Prominent Russian-Azerbaijani artist Aidan Salakhova says she has been quarantined in a hospital after returning from Italy on a flight that was carrying two people infected with coronavirus. All the passengers on Salakhova's flight have been placed in hospital quarantine as well.
— Two Russian tourists in Israel have been diagnosed with coronavirus.
— St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region banned events with more than 1,000 people.
— The Kremlin told journalists who cover President Vladimir Putin to stay away from official events if they felt unwell as a precautionary measure to protect Kremlin staff from the coronavirus.
— Polish President Andrzej Duda will not travel to Russia next month due to the coronavirus, missing ceremonies marking the 10-year anniversary of a plane crash which killed Poland's president, central bank chief and military commanders.
— Russia's border will temporarily be closed to Italian citizens and foreigners traveling from Italy starting today as Italy continues to grapple with the worst coronavirus outbreak in Europe.
March 12
— Russia has confirmed six new cases of coronavirus, bringing the total number of cases to 34, Interfax reported, citing the country's coronavirus crisis center. Four of the new cases are in Moscow, one in Krasnodar and one in Kaliningrad.
— The Moscow region's governor has announced a "high alert" status for the region due to the coronavirus, banning all large events over 5,000 people and encouraging companies to allow their employees to telecommute. The remote-working measures do not apply to the city of Moscow, home to 12 million people.
— A joint Russian-European mission to Mars has been postponed for two years, the Russian and European space agencies said Thursday, citing the coronavirus and technical issues.
— A religious procession in central Russia aimed at fighting the coronavirus has been canceled due to the threat of the virus itself.
— About 100 Chinese students in Moscow will be deported from Russia because they violated their self-quarantine orders, the Kommersant business daily reported.
— Russian scientists say they have developed a device that can test for coronavirus in 15 minutes, the state-run TASS news agency reported. The device could be made available to consumers as early as this autumn.
— State Duma lawmaker Sergei Katasonov did not self-quarantine after returning from France and was present at work for several days before his colleagues told him to go home, libertarian party leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky has said. Zhirinovsky, who leads the party Katasonov belongs to, proposed stripping him of his parliamentary powers as punishment.
March 11
— The World Health Organization declared that the coronavirus is a pandemic as the number of cases worldwide surpassed 112,000 in 114 different countries.
— Russia will suspend most flights to and from Italy, Germany, France and Spain over the coronavirus outbreak, starting from Friday, Russia's coronavirus crisis center said in a statement. Russia will also stop issuing tourist visas to Italian citizens to prevent a spread of the virus, the center said.
— The number of confirmed coronavirus cases in Russia rose to 28 from 20. All the people tested positive in the last day had previously traveled to Italy, according to the coronavirus crisis center's statement.
— Moscow has banned large events of more than 5,000 people until April 10 in a move to prevent the spread of the virus, Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said in a decree. The ban applies to "sports, entertainment, public and other mass events," the decree says. Critics accused the city of using the health crisis as an excuse to prevent people from protesting President Vladimir Putin's constitutional reforms that could allow him to stay in power past his term limit.
— Thailand has suspended visas on arrival for citizens of 18 countries including Russia in an effort to prevent the spread of coronavirus.
— State Duma Deputy Speaker Pyotr Tolstoy is isolating himself in self-quarantine after returning to Moscow from Paris, he wrote on Facebook, adding that he is "completely healthy" and will work from home.
— Russia's Defense Ministry has canceled the Moscow International Security Conference due to the threat of coronavirus. The defense and international affairs conference, which would have been attended by more than 1,000 delegates from 115 countries, had been scheduled for April 22-23.
March 10
— Russia's consumer safety watchdog recommended that people avoid public transport, shopping malls and other public places at rush hour as a precaution against the coronavirus, the state-run RIA news agency reported. "Refrain from visiting public places: shopping centers, sports and entertainment events and transport during rush hour," the Rospotrebnadzor watchdog was quoted as saying. 
March 9
— Another three people in Moscow have been diagnosed with coronavirus overnight, the RBC news website reported, citing a report from city officials it obtained. The three individuals had recently visited Italy. 
March 8
—Moscow city authorities threatened prison terms of up to five years for people failing to self-isolate in their homes for two weeks after visiting countries hit hard by the coronavirus outbreak.
March 7
— Russia confirmed four new cases of coronavirus, taking the total number to 17 — three of whom have since recovered. 
March 6
— Russia has reported six new cases of coronavirus in the past 24 hours, including five in Moscow and one in Nizhny Novgorod 400 kilometers east of the capital. All six cases were contracted in Italy, one of several virus hubs outside China, the authorities said.
— Russian officials have conducted more than 51,000 tests for the coronavirus nationwide, the consumer protection watchdog said.
— Seven Russian passengers from the Diamond Princess cruise ship who were placed in a two-week quarantine in Russia's Far East have been discharged. Two other quarantined patients are awaiting test results. 
— Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin announced a “high alert regime,” ordering self-isolation for Russians returning from China, South Korea, Iran, France, Germany, Italy and Spain.
March 5
—Russia canceled its flagship annual St Petersburg International Economic Forum this year as a precaution against coronavirus. The forum, usually chaired by President Vladimir Putin, was due to be held in St. Petersburg on June 3-6.
Russia's state carrier Aeroflot said it would suspend its flights to and from Hong Kong amid fears over coronavirus. The airline will continue flying from Moscow to Hong Kong until March 7 and from Hong Kong to Moscow until March 8, after which those services will be suspended. 
— Moscow authorities have drafted an emergency plan that envisions a near shutdown of the Russian capital in case of a coronavirus outbreak.
— Officials confirmed a seventh coronavirus infection in the country. The patient is an Italian citizen who had arrived to Russia on Feb. 29, asked for medical help on March 2 and tested positive for the virus. He is being treated at an undisclosed hospital.
— Russian businesses have started to cancel foreign business trips and participation in international conferences after a recommendation from the Health Ministry to restrict foreign travel.
— Students at a university dormitory in St. Petersburg have been placed under quarantine and prohibited from leaving the building after the hospitalization of an Italian exchange student who had been living there. The number of patients in the city that are being monitored for coronavirus symptoms has nearly doubled to 44 people.
March 4
— Two Russian citizens have been diagnosed with the coronavirus in the United Arab Emirates, the country's health ministry said
— Russia has temporarily banned the export of medical masks, gloves, bandages and protective suits.
— President Vladimir Putin said that fake news reports about coronavirus were being sent to Russia from abroad to spread panic. He urged the government to ensure that citizens were correctly informed about the situation in Russia.
— Russian gas giant Gazprom has suspended foreign trips for its staff due to the coronavirus outbreak, a company spokesman said. 
March 3
— The Moscow metro has begun random checks of passengers' temperatures at station entrances, Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said
March 2
— A Russian national who was quarantined in a Moscow hospital after recently returning from northern Italy, a hub for the coronavirus outbreak, has the coronavirus. The man, 29-year-old Moscow resident David Berov, is the first known Russian national to test positive for coronavirus while in the country.
— The impact of coronavirus on the Russian economy will be deeper than originally expected, Economic Development Minister Maxim Reshetnikov said. The ruble's depreciation and stock market decline have gained momentum since mid-February due to the fast-spreading coronavirus and concerns about its economic impact, which sent oil prices crashing.
— Schools across Moscow have canceled swimming classes and large-scale events to prevent the spread of the flu and respiratory infections, the city’s education officials said in a Feb. 28 letter cited by Interfax.
Feb. 28
— Moscow authorities are deporting 88 foreign nationals who violated quarantine measures imposed on them as a precaution against coronavirus, the state-run RIA news agency cited Moscow's deputy mayor as saying.
— A Russian citizen has tested positive with coronavirus in Azerbaijan after arriving there from Iran, Interfax reported. It marks the fourth case of coronavirus among Russian citizens and the first infection in Azerbaijan.
— The Russian government temporarily barred Iranian citizens from entering Russia and said it would also restrict the entry of South Korean citizens from March 1 as a precaution against the spread of coronavirus, decrees published online showed.
— The government also said it would not allow in any foreign citizens traveling from Iran or South Korea, and ordered the Foreign Ministry to suspend the issue of visas to Iranian citizens.
Feb. 27
— Russia will suspend its train service from Moscow to the southern French city of Nice starting March 4, the state-run TASS news agency reported, citing the Transport Ministry. The ministry said the train link would be suspended until further notice as part of wider measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus in Russia.
— Moscow authorities have identified 88 people who violated the city's self-isolation orders after returning from China, Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said. The Russian capital deployed its facial recognition network to enforce the quarantine.
— Russia has developed five prototypes for a coronavirus vaccine, Deputy Prime Minister Tatiana Golikova said.
— Russia's Federal Tourism Agency recommended national tour operators suspend tours to Italy, South Korea and Iran until the outbreaks of coronavirus there are brought under control.
Feb. 26
— Moscow will suspend flights between Russia and South Korea from March 1 over coronavirus fears, except those operated by Aeroflot and Aurora, Deputy Prime Minister Tatiana Golikova said.
— Golikova said Russia would also stop issuing visas to some Iranian citizens from Feb. 28 and was advising Russians against traveling to Italy.
— Other restrictions related to the outbreak which have been previously announced will be extended by one month to April 1, Golikova said.
— The Chinese Embassy in Russia has asked Moscow authorities to stop the profiling of Chinese nationals on the city's public transport. According to Novaya Gazeta, the embassy's letter said that Moscow police and subway workers had begun questioning passengers believed to be Chinese to check for signs of coronavirus, something that isn't being done anywhere else in the world.
— Two Russian citizens are among the hundreds of tourists being quarantined in a seaside resort on Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands, after an Italian doctor who was staying there tested positive for coronavirus, Interfax reported.
Feb. 24
— Nearly all of the 25 Ukrainian nationals onboard the quarantined ship have refused to be evacuated to their home country after violent protests against coronavirus evacuees broke out there.
Feb. 21
— Around 2,500 people arriving from China have been ordered placed under quarantine for the coronavirus and monitored by the Russian capital’s facial-recognition technology, Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said.
Feb. 20
— Finance Minister Anton Siluanov told the RBC news website that the coronavirus had caused a drop in Chinese trade with Russia of 1 billion rubles ($15.68 million) a day.
— Two Russian citizens from the quarantined Diamond Princess cruise ship were diagnosed with the new coronavirus, bringing the total number of infected Russian nationals to three.
— Russia's ban on the entry of Chinese citizens to its territory has gone into effect. The temporary suspension will be for Chinese citizens entering Russia for employment, private, educational and tourist purposes.
Feb. 19
— The 144 Russians evacuated from the epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in China have left a quarantine area in Siberia’s Tyumen region following a 14-day quarantine.
Feb. 12
— Russia discharged a Chinese national from the hospital in the Siberian city of Chita after he recovered from coronavirus infection, the second of Russia's first two confirmed cases of coronavirus to recover.
Feb. 10
— The coronavirus outbreak may delay Russia's delivery of S-400 air defense systems to China, the state-owned arms exporter Rosoboronexport said.
Feb. 9
— Authorities in the Chelyabinsk region 1,500 kilometers east of Moscow walked back plans to set up a quarantine center after local residents formed a human shield to prevent entry to Chinese nationals.
Feb. 6
— The Kremlin has started checking the body temperatures of individuals attending events with President Vladimir Putin as a "precautionary measure," spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
Feb. 3
— Russia will temporarily restrict the entry of foreigners arriving from China, Deputy Prime Minister Tatiana Golikova said. She said the restrictions would not apply to Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport, the capital's main international airport.
— Russia's second-largest food retailer Magnit said it is suspending fruit and vegetable imports from China due to the spread of the coronavirus and logistical complications.
Feb. 2
— State-run Russian Railways said it would halt passenger trains to China, including the Beijing-Moscow route, until further notice.
Jan. 31
— In addition to observing personal hygiene, the consumer protection watchdog advised against loose hair, as well as kissing and hugging in public.
— Russian state lender VTB said it has temporarily suspended all business trips by its employees to China and several other Asian countries.
Reuters and AFP contributed reporting to this article.

Coronavirus slowdown seen from space


Car rentals at PhoenixImage copyrightMAXAR
Satellite images of normally busy locations around the world show how the coronavirus is having an impact on travel and tourism.
In Vermont, car parks are empty as skiers keep away from the resort at Killington. Gatherings of 50 or more people have been banned in the state, bars have been shut down and restaurants restricted to take-out and delivery services only until 6 April .

INTERACTIVESee how skiers are staying away from the slopes in Vermont, US 

16 March 2020 

Killington Ski Resort, Vermont,  16 March 2020

30 January 2020 

Killington Ski Resort, Vermont, 30 January 2020
Rental cars are clearly not in demand at Phoenix City airport, as Maxar Technologies images show full car parks, compared with the start of the month.

INTERACTIVESee how demand for car rentals at Phoenix Airport has fallen 

16 March 2020 

Car rentals at Phoenix Airport 16 March 2020

5 March 2020 

Car rentals at Phoenix Airport 5 March 2020
There are fewer aircraft at the airport in Salt Lake City.

INTERACTIVESee how there are fewer aircraft at Salt Lake City airport 

16 March 2020 

Salt Lake City Airport 16 March 2020

5 March 2020 

Salt Lake City Airport 5 March 2020
A huge traffic jam is spotted in the centre of the Russian capital, Moscow, where officials have closed all schools and banned gatherings of more than 50 people.
Traffic jam in Moscow, RussiaImage copyrightMAXAR
In Iran, which has seen thousands of cases of the coronavirus, the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, has been closed because of the risk of spreading the disease.

INTERACTIVECrowds are gone from the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, Iran 

12 March 2020 

The Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, Iran, 12 March 2020

14 February 2020 

The Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, Iran, 14 February 2020
Satellite images from Maxar Technologies

Ethiopia’s Challenging Path to the 2020 Ballots

 

There is no certainty Ethiopia’s 2020 upcoming election will not be a clear win for the incumbent government, since various disagreements have deepened with opposition groups, dissenting public opinion, and the long-standing border dispute between the Somalis and Oromo. 
Ethiopia Rally [Getty]
Since Abiy become the new prime minister of Ethiopia, Ethiopian politics has taken a new turn.  He has released political prisoners, promoted media freedom and increased inclusion of women into the political arena. He has also invited the opposition to the discussion table, and reduced tension in the 18-year feud between Ethiopia and Eritrea. As a result, some politically-oriented Ethiopians believe Abiy has taken exquisite and peerless actions.
There are also several reprehensible issues, which have started under his tenure. Communal violence has peaked whilst agreements with opposition groups was met with skepticism. Moreover, the number of internally displaced people (IDPs) in Ethiopia has reached a zenith due to the ethnic violence, for which human rights organizations have heavily criticized Ethiopia’s leadership.
Several political analysts note that Abiy’s transformations are only a veneer, because his agreement with oppositions groups are yet to be implemented, especially with the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), the oldest opposition in the country. This skepticism from the opposition has resulted in a new coalition party aimed at undermining the incumbent government in the upcoming Ethiopian 2020 election. Ogaden Liberation Front (ONLF), the second oldest opposition has complained of mistreatment by the leadership of the Somali region. Outspoken opposition politician Lidetu Ayalew of the Ethiopian Democratic Party has asserted, “Ethiopia as a nation is not ready to hold general parliamentary elections.”
On the other hand, Abiy disbanded the longest ruling party in the country, the EPRDF, an action that has resulted in a widening dichotomy within his inner-circle. Jawar, an Oromo media tycoon, has tremendous support from the youth, especially since the Oromo region has boycotted Abiy’s policies. With all these various issues and considerations, there is much anticipation as to how the upcoming elections will unfold.
Ethiopia is a mosaic of communities with a nucleus of federalism.  Historically known as Abyssinia, Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent country as well as one of the largest nations, with a population of over 100 million, according to the national census held in 2013. Ethiopia has as many as 80 ethnic groups, each with its own language.
It has been considered a symbol of African independence throughout the colonial period, was a founder member of the United Nations and the African base for a number of international organizations. Ethiopia is currently the primary regional actor when it comes to east African countries, owing to its population size as well as military capabilities. (1)
Ethiopia consists of ten regional states, namely: Oromia region, Amhara region, Somali region, Tigray region, Gambela region, Southern nation’s nationalities and people region, Afar region, Benishangul-Gumuz region, Harari region and the late coming region Sidama region. There are also two Administrative states (Addis Ababa City administration and Dire Dawa city council). (2) The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), a political coalition, control all 547 seats in Ethiopia’s parliament, which has the mandate of confirming candidates for the new prime minister position.
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
[Africa Center for Strategic Studies]
Anatomy of Ethiopia’s Multi-culturalism
The EPDRF is comprised of four main parties, which include the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), the Oromo Peoples’ Democratic Organization (OPDO) and the Southern Ethiopian People’s Democratic Movement (SEPDM). Each one of these four parties represent a regional state and are eligible to nominate candidates for the prime minister portfolio. The EPRDF has become the overarching party in power in the country since 1991. (3) Some observers have credited Ethiopia’s stability with over 100 million inhabitants to what could be considered a mosaic federal system.
However, Ethiopia may sometimes become a volatile country in Africa since specific ethnicities have dominated the country whilst marginalizing other communities. There are several cultural and identity-related issues unsettled between Amhara, Tigray and Oromo communities. Still, these ethnic groups have become the political dynasty in Ethiopia.
The question is why only these three communities are eligible to engage in the top decision-making positions whilst others are disregarded, especially Somalis, who represent the third most populous community and the inhabitants of the second largest area in Ethiopia. One may assume Ethiopia is not yet a democratic country with free and fair elections. Disparity and injustice are the underlining causes of this blatant social disarticulation in Ethiopia. The Somali region becomes a soft target and susceptible community for any hetero and naked aggression from the ruling communities respectively. (4)
Currently, Ethiopia hosts the highest number of IPDs since World War II. Over 3.2 million people were displaced by conflict and drought in April 2019. This internally human displacement and uprooting are caused by disparity, rising acrimony and communal violence among different communities. This mass internally displacement movement exceeds the number of refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Libya, Somalia and Yemen according to the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC).
The 2019 Global Peace Index (GPI) has ranked Ethiopia number 131 as a peaceful country out of 163 countries, twelve points down from the ranking of 2016. Sub-Saharan Africa consists of 44 countries, of which Ethiopia ranks 33rd, after Mali, Central Africa Republic, DRC, Somalia and South-Sudan. Plenty of political analysts believe this dismal ranking is caused by weak leadership in both federal and regional levels. (5)
AP
Ethiopia's Ethnic Clashes [AP]

What is Behind the Rise of Abiy to the Premiership? 
Mass protests have erupted over land rights in Ethiopia since 2015, when anti-government demonstrations broke out among the Oromo, and later spread to the Amhara, the second biggest ethnic group in the country. The protests later shifted into demands for greater political representation at the national level; however, were met with a harsh government response.
These developments ultimately led to the resignation of prime minister and chairman of EPRDF, Hailemariam Desalegn, February 15, 2018. In his last speech, he stated he would stay in his post in a caretaker capacity, until the EPRDF named a successor. Hailemariam’s abrupt resignation prompted the government to declare a six-month state of emergency in a bid to stem political unrest amid long-standing demands for greater freedoms. (6) The EPRDF council held a meeting with the attendance of 45 members of each of the four allied parties to elect Abiy Ahmed to take over from Desalegn. A former Minister of Science and Technology, Abiy became the EPRDF’s new chairman, after securing 108 out of 180 votes, to become the first Oromo prime minister in the 27 years EPRDF has been in power. This shift paved the way for his nomination as Ethiopia’s prime minister, primarily because the chairman of the EPRDF has historically also taken on prime minister duties. He was sworn in as the newly elected prime minister on 2 April 2018.
How to Work with the Federal Government? 
Despite the ongoing suppression of critical voices vis-à-vis the government, there is considerable opposition, which has become resilient. The most prominent group of this opposition is the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), formed in 1973, is the oldest opposition in Ethiopia. This opposition group was advocating the call for self-determination for the Oromo people in opposition to the Abyssinian colonial rule led by Amhara ethnic group.
Another prominent opposition group is the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF), established in 1984, which is the second oldest opposition in Ethiopia. This opposition has advocated for autonomy of its respective region as a reaction against the marginalization and disregard of its people by the Federal political quota system. Ogaden is the second largest region in Ethiopia, after Oromia, and is the third populous region after Oromia and Amhara regions respectively.
Another opposition party is Gimbot 7, the third oldest opposition entity in Ethiopia, created in 2008. It has pursued the establishment of a national political system in which government power is assumed through peaceful and democratic process based on free and fair elections. This opposition group has surfaced after the 2005 election which were overshadowed by allegations that the ruling EPRDF rigged the election, leading to various demonstrations, and resulting in the killing of over 200 people. (8)
When Abiy became prime minister in April 2018, he initiated negotiations with the opposition groups, which ultimately led to the release of political prisoners, detained under terrorism charges, affiliated with the three opposition groups July 5, 2018. Since then, members of the opposition who had fled Ethiopia have returned to the country, with the hope the country was on a positive trajectory. However, the opposition groups have rebuked the federal government of Ethiopia, mainly for not implementing the various signed agreements. This new rift escalated into violence when clashes erupted between OLF fighters and federal troops in the Oromia region in October 2018, after OLF’s leader Dawud Ibsa boycotted a federal government initiative, which sought decommissioning OLF’s fighters. Dawud Ibsa argued disarming OLF’s fighters was not part of the agreement between the federal government and the OLF representatives. (9)
PM Abiy Ahmed visits Halaba stadium Feb. 26. 2020 (Office of the Prime Minister)
PM Abiy Ahmed visits Halaba stadium Feb. 26. 2020 [Office of the Prime Minister]
PM Abiy Ahmed visits Halaba stadium Feb. 26. 2020 (Office of the Prime Minister)
Shifting from EPRDF to EPP
As mentioned earlier, EPRDF emerged in 1991, as a party that allied the representatives of four of the ten regions in Ethiopia namely Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), Oromo People’s Democratic Organization (OPDO), and Southern Ethiopian People’s Democratic Movement (SEPDM). These four parties are eligible to hold the highest political positions in the country since the establishment of this party.
The Tigray community was the longest running leaders of the country since the EPRDF was founded. Likewise, Amhara was another ethnicity, primarily due to “Patrimonial Leadership” from Haile Selassie, from 1916 to 1974 as an Emperor, and then Mengistu Haile Mariam, from 1977 to 1991. The Tigray and Amhara tended to be the “Political Dynasties” of the country. This meant that the remaining ethnics, including the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia “Oromo”, were despised.
Abiy has received criticism after he announced the creation of a new political party, the Ethiopian Prosperity Party (EPP) in November 2019. Most of his inner-circle subordinates boycotted the new party. Formed as an amalgamation of three of the four parties under EPRDF and other five parties. Only TPLF is absent of the political alliance of  EPP. EPP has been established months prior to the forthcoming election in August 2020. One of the Abiy’s closest people, Lemma Magersa, Minister of Defense and formerly President of the Oromo region, rebuked this new political coalition.
Jawar and Abiy: Former Allies, New Foes
Several visible demonstrations have taken place since October 2018 in Addis-Ababa and several other regions. These protests against the incumbent government and its leader Abiy Ahmed begun after the government took action against well-known activist and Media Mogul, Jawar Mohamed. Jawar, a dual Ethiopian-American Citizen, has enormous influence in the country, having participated in demonstrations against the previous governments in 2015. Abiy and Jawar were close friends during those demonstrations, and several observers believe Jawar was one of the key players who enabled Abiy to become prime minister.
However, the relationship between the two men deteriorated and turned into a political animosity. Abiy and Jawar belong to the same Oromo community consisting of close to 40 million people. Jawar has been a strong supporter of QEERROO, a young Oromo movement that pushed for ending more than 20 years of the Tigray iron-fist rule.
Since Abiy took office in April 2018, he seems to have undermined his relationship with several politicians, including Jawar Mohamed and Daud Ibsa, whilst improving his rapport with Lemma Magersa. In January 2020, Jawar organized a huge rally from Oromo ethnic, especially the youth, in which he delivered a speech and set forth his political ambition. Jawar sounded not as an old ally of Abiy, but rather as one of his fierce opponents.
 Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Jawar Mohammed [Getty]
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Jawar Mohammed (Getty)
CDF as a New Coalition
While the new rift has deepened between Abiy and his former allies, another coalition of political parties was established. Jawar joined the Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC), led by Merera Gudina. The OFC, alongside Dawud Ibsa who leads OLF and Brig. Gen. Kemal Gelchu, head of Oromo National Party (ONP), joined forces in a new political alliance, namely the Coalition for Democratic Federalism (CDF). The leaders of these parties have vowed they would run in the August 2020 election. These political intentions could be another challenge which incumbent Aby will have to encounter this year, as they were in the previous government inner-circle.
Most Oromo individuals perceive Abiy as a ‘thin-skinned and lame-duck person’, since he has given wide concessions to the Amhara, a group that advocates the disbandment of the federal system and imposition of a unified government under their leadership. This demand explains why the TPLF party refused to join Abiy’s new EPP coalition. (12)
Somali Region: The back of the back beyond
Some Ethiopians believe the Somali region of Ethiopia suffers negligence and lack of developmental projects, especially infrastructure. The level of education in this region is low. Humanitarian issues are also rampant, as Qalooji IDPs hosts thousands of Somalis who have fled across the border between Oromo and Somali regions. (13)
The regional administration in the Somali region seems to be struggling. There are also other issues of high unemployment, inter-clan conflict in the region. The local leadership tends to shame their predecessors as scapegoats for its current ineffective decisions. Disparity within the Somali community is common due to the lack of accountability and transparency in the local administration.
ACSS
2020: Year of African Elections (ACSS)
Dam Dispute: Another Sticky Issue
As a landlocked country, Ethiopia depends on its neighbors, who have seaports in the Horn of Africa, to conduct import and export exchanges. This geographical limitation has led Ethiopia to be concerned with its long-term goals. With such a position, Ethiopia has several regional linkages with its neighbors, namely Somalia and Egypt. Since 2011, Ethiopia has been engaged in building the Renaissance Dam, formerly known as “Millennium Dam”, on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. After its completion, the dam will be the largest hydroelectric power plant in Africa, as well as the seventh largest in the world.
However, such a colossal project has several geopolitical dimensions; namely how Ethiopia will reconcile its differences with Sudan and Egypt, which border the Nile and plan to benefit from the dam project. Abiy has requested the assistance of South Africa’s President Ramaphosa to mediate the dispute with Khartoum and Cairo, in his capacity of the newly-elected President of the African Union as well as his good relations with Ethiopia’s and Egypt’s leaders. This request came before a meeting in Washington between the disputing states’ respective Foreign and Water Ministers and President Trump. (14)
Getty
Ethiopia's geography and need for access to the sea [Getty]
Photo 7 Ethiopia's geography and need for access to the sea (Getty)
Conclusion
There is no certainty Ethiopia’s upcoming election in August 2020 will not be a clear win for the incumbent government, since various political disagreements have deepened with opposition groups, dissenting public opinion, position of the Tigray region and TPLF party, and the long-standing border dispute between the Somalis and Oromo. On the top of these challenges, one should not underestimate the possible role of Jawar Mohamed, who holds large support of the largest ethnic group, in curbing the ambition of Prime Minister Abiy and his government.
The external factor remains significant. The border conflict among local different communities, and the religious differences have became, as some analysts have portrayed, inevitable, inexorable, invincible, ineluctable, intractable, amok, dumfounded and pandemonium. (15) US President Trump has questioned Abiy’s prowess, believing that he did not deserve to receive the Nobel Peace Prize since his grandiose promises have not been fulfilled.

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