Smoke could be seen rising from the Gaza Strip following the breakdown of the ceasefire
Israel's military says it has carried out air strikes in the Gaza Strip in response to fresh rocket fire, hours before a ceasefire was set to expire.
A child is reported to have died as a result of the Israeli strikes, and eyewitnesses say thousands of Gazans have been heading for UN shelters.
One Gaza rocket hit Tel Aviv, Israel's army said, but there were no injuries.
Talks in Cairo to end the violence have broken up, and the Israeli delegation is now on its way back home.
Officials say 2,016 Palestinians and 66 Israelis have died since Operation Protective Edge began on 8 July.
The US has voiced concern about the renewed hostilities, and blamed Hamas, the Islamist group that rules Gaza.
"Israel has the right to defend itself against such attacks," state department spokeswoman Marie Harf told reporters.
'Direct violation'
Israeli officials said the first three rockets landed in open fields near Beersheba, causing no injuries. Two were later intercepted over Netivot.
"This rocket attack was a grave and direct violation of the ceasefire," said Mark Regev, a spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Palestinian negotiator Azaam Al-Ahmad accused Israel of trying to force its position
Israeli government spokesman Mark Regev: "A ceasefire has to be a two-way street"
"The Cairo talks were based on an agreed premise of a total cessation of hostilities," he added.
"When Hamas breaks the ceasefire, they also break the premise for the Cairo talks. Accordingly, the Israeli team has been called back."
Witnesses in Gaza reported several Israeli air strikes, from Beit Lahiya in the north to Rafah in the south.
Hospital officials told the AP news agency that seven children had been wounded.
Palestinian civilians are once against fleeing from Israeli attacks
Many have set up temporary homes in what they hope are safer areas
Israel had warned that its forces were prepared to retaliate if Gaza militants resumed rocket fire
The picture was bleak even before the fighting resumed, and there was not much optimism among the members of the Palestinian delegation.
The gaps between the two parties were too wide to bridge.
The Egyptian mediators had tried to work on getting the blockade of Gaza eased without asking Hamas to lay down its weapons, a key Israeli demand.
They were keen to delay discussing the more thorny issues, like the construction of a seaport and airport in Gaza. But even that plan did not bear fruit.
The Israeli delegation walked out of the Cairo meeting just hours before a midnight deadline, leaving the fate of the negotiations in question.
But even before that, a senior member of Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas's Fatah movement, Azzam al-Ahmad, told Reuters that there had been "no progress on any point", with big gaps remaining between the two sides.
Palestinian representatives said Israel was seeking guarantees that Hamas and other factions in Gaza would be disarmed, while the Palestinians were demanding an end to the Israeli and Egyptian blockades of Gaza, and the establishment of a seaport and airport.
Hamas insists it will not give up its weapons, while Israel wants to maintain some control over Gaza's crossings to prevent arms smuggling.
The BBC's Kevin Connolly in Jerusalem says much now depends on whether this latest exchange of violence is an isolated breach of the ceasefire, or a signal that it is over.
Israel launched an offensive on Gaza, "Operation Protective Edge", on 8 July with the aim of ending rocket fire. It also sought to destroy tunnels dug under the frontier with Israel used by militants to launch attacks.
The Palestinian health ministry says that 2,016 Palestinians have been killed since the offensive began, including 541 children and 250 women.
The Israeli authorities say 64 Israeli soldiers have been killed, along with two Israeli civilians and a Thai national.
Are you in Israel or Gaza? Please share your experiences by emailing haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk, including your contact details and using the heading 'Israel Gaza'.
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