Several European countries have banned - or intend to ban - the wearing of the niqab in public
Two
French Muslim women who continue to wear the full-face veil in defiance
of a new law banning it in France have been issued fines by a court.
Hind Ahmas and Najate Nait Ali were caught wearing the niqab
in public outside Meaux town hall, eastern Paris, soon after the law
came in in May.The women say they will appeal against their punishment all the way to the European Court of Human Rights.
Meanwhile another woman said she would stand for president in her niqab.
Thursday's sentencing in Meaux was closely followed not just in France but right across Europe, says the BBC's Christian Fraser in Paris.
Belgium, Italy, Denmark, Austria, the Netherlands and Switzerland all have - or are planning - similar legislation.
Assault claims
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Exceptions to ban on public face covering
- Motorcycle helmets
- Face-masks for health reasons
- Face-covering for sporting or professional activities
- Sunglasses, hats etc which do not completely hide the face
- Masks used in "traditional activities", such as carnivals or religious processions
Divorced mother Hind Ahmas, 32, a mother-of-three, was fined 120 euros (£104) by the court.
Before the hearing she said she was hoping a fine would be imposed, to enable her to challenge it."Without a condemnation I can't move forward. There has to be this sanction with a fine so that I can take this to the European Court of Human Rights. It's imperative that there's a sanction," she said.
Najate Nait Ali was fined 80 euros.
They become the first of 91 women stopped by French police to be handed a fine.
Ahmas's parents were not strict Muslims. She told the BBC she put on the niqab for the first time six years ago as an educated single woman.
She claims she once wore mini-skirts and liked to party before she rediscovered her faith.
Some Muslim groups say since the ban was introduced in April a number of women have been assaulted both verbally and physically by members of the public.
These two women would most likely have to exhaust the appeals process in France - which can take considerable time - before they can hope to test the legislation in the European court in Strasbourg, our correspondent says.
Another high-profile niqab-wearer, Kenza Drider, has said she will stand for president in the 2012 election.
She has become a champion for several hundred women in France who insist wearing the niqab is a personal choice and a right enshrined by European law.
She said: "The reality is, there is a lot of unemployment in France and a lot of problems in France so let's not focus on what I wear, let's deal with the real problems. So my candidacy is really being done for that. To say don't stop at what I'm wearing, but go much deeper."
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