A Ukrainian Su-25 jet (archive photo from Ukrainian defence ministry website)
A Ukrainian security spokesman has accused Russia's air force of shooting down one of its jets while it was on a mission over Ukrainian territory.
Andriy Lysenko, spokesman for the Ukrainian National Security and Defence Council, said an Su-25 ground attack plane was downed on Wednesday evening.
There was no comment from Moscow but rebels in eastern Ukraine say they shot down two Su-25 jets on Wednesday.
Ukraine also alleges rockets were fired at its forces from Russian territory.
Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko ordered his foreign ministry to react officially after reports that Grad rockets were fired at Ukrainian forces in Luhansk region, from over the border near the Russian village of Gukovo.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has denounced a new round of US sanctions against his country, saying they will damage relations and hurt businesses from both countries.
He said the sanctions were driving bilateral relations towards a "dead end".
As shares in Russian interests hit by the sanctions fell sharply, markets also fell by more than 2.5%.
'Pilot ejected'
Mr Lysenko said the Su-25 had been hit at about 19:00 (16:00 GMT). Its pilot managed to eject and was rescued by Ukrainian forces, he said.
Ukraine's defence ministry, quoted by the Associated Press news agency, said a second jet had been hit by a portable surface-to-air missile, but that pilot was also unscathed and managed to land his plane safely.
Amateur video posted on Wednesday is said to show a plane being hit over Ukraine's eastern region of Luhansk.
Rebel commander Igor "Strelkov" Girkin said two Su-25 planes had been downed during fighting at the Marinivka border crossing.
President Poroshenko issued his instructions after reports, backed up by amateur videos, that Grad multiple rocket launchers were fired from Russian soil in the direction of Ukraine on Wednesday.
There is no doubt that the separatists have had access to Grad rockets for several weeks.
A large stretch of the border between Ukraine and Russia is still out of the control of Kiev, so separatists have been able to bring not just Grads, but also tanks, armoured personnel carriers and artillery into eastern Ukraine.
However letting weapons flow into Ukraine was - in diplomatic terms - a much less serious contribution to the conflict than it would be to allow Grads to be fired from Russian territory at Ukrainian troops.
The Ukrainian government accused Russia of shooting down an An-26 transport plane over eastern Ukraine on Monday, with the loss or reported capture of its crew members.
Ukrainian officials sought to argue that pro-Russian separatist rebels could not have downed the plane because they lacked missiles to hit it at high altitude.
Nato says that Russian troop numbers on the border have increased again to about 12,000.
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