Turkish PM Recep Tayyip Erdogan has warned that he will not show "any more tolerance" for protests.
He vowed to end the demonstrations after police cleared Istanbul's Taksim Square, the focal point of unrest for nearly two weeks.
Police used water cannon, tear gas and rubber bullets, causing many to flee the square into adjoining Gezi Park.
The unrest began after a crackdown on an environmental protest over Gezi Park's redevelopment.
The protests then widened, with demonstrators accusing Mr Erdogan's government of becoming increasingly authoritarian and trying to impose conservative Islamic values on a secular state.
'My love'
The prime minister defended the police intervention on Tuesday, saying that an environmental movement had been hijacked by people who wanted to harm Turkey.
In a televised speech to members of parliament from his Justice and Development Party (AKP) that was frequently interrupted by applause, he asked: "They say the prime minister is rough. So what was going to happen? Were we going to kneel down in front of these [people]?
"If you call this roughness, I'm sorry, but this Tayyip Erdogan won't change."
He also appeared to contradict Istanbul Governor Huseyin Avni Mutlu, who had earlier said the police had no intention of breaking up the protest in Gezi Park.
"To those who... are at Taksim and elsewhere taking part in the demonstrations with sincere feelings: I call on you to leave those places and to end these incidents and I send you my love.
"But for those who want to continue with the incidents I say: 'It's over.' As of now we have no tolerance for them.
"Not only will we end the actions, we will be at the necks of the provocateurs and terrorists and no-one will get away with it," he continued.
"I am sorry but Gezi Park is for taking promenades, not for occupation."
Skirmishes between police and protesters in Taksim Square continued on Wednesday afternoon, reaching the edge of the park.
Some activists hurled fireworks, fire bombs and stones at police.
"Not long ago we heard loud explosions and before that there was a rain of gas bombs falling on to civilians," one protester, Cem Ozen, told the BBC.
"We've seen many civilians being carried to makeshift medical points. Some people were wounded in the head."
Police had earlier removed protesters' banners which had been hung from a building overlooking Taksim Square, replacing them with the national flag and a portrait of the father of the Turkish state, Kemal Ataturk.
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This was seen as a show of force by the Turkish police
The BBC's Mark Lowen, in the square, says this was a deliberate show of force that may jeopardise plans by Mr Erdogan to meet the protest organisers on Wednesday.
"Can you believe that? They attack Taksim, gas us in the morning just after proposing talks with us? What kind of leader is that?" said one 23-year-old protester in Gezi Park.
The Turkish Human Rights Foundation says four people have been killed - including one policeman - since the protests began on 31 May. Some 5,000 protesters have been treated for injuries or the effects of tear gas, while officials say 600 police have also been injured.
Smaller protests have occurred in the capital, Ankara, too.
Police there have used water cannon and tear gas to break up demonstrations almost every night.
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