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Syrian activists say that government forces are back in the city of Hama just one day after having pulled out.
The US has ramped up pressure on Syria by imposing sanctions on its main commercial bank and its mobile phone operator, following continued attacks on opposition activists.
The US Treasury said it was targeting the financial resources of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The measures came as activists said Syrian forces killed 18 people in Homs.
Activists said the army turned guns, tanks, and anti-aircraft weapons on residents in the restive central city.
Syria has not commented on the reports and it is hard for international media to verify such statements.
More than 1,700 people have died and tens of thousands of people have reportedly been arrested since the uprising against the Assad family's 41-year rule began in March.
In recent days large-scale operations by the army - notably in the central city of Hama and Deir al-Zour in the east - have drawn international condemnation, with Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Kuwait recalling their ambassadors from Damascus.
But while Mr Assad has reiterated promises of political reform, he has remained adamant his government would continue to pursue "terrorist groups".
'Lost legitimacy' The Commercial Bank of Syria and an affiliated bank are accused of financing the purchase and production of unconventional weapons programmes, as well as collaborating with a North Korean bank which is implicated in exporting ballistic missile equipment.
"We are taking aim at the financial infrastructure that is helping provide support to [Syrian President Bashar al-] Assad and his regime's illicit activities," said Under-Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David Cohen.
In May, President Barack Obama signed an executive order imposing targeted sanctions on Mr Assad and a number of high-ranking government officials.
In recent weeks, the US has hardened its tone on Syria, says the BBC's Marcus George in Washington. Amid increasing expectation that Mr Obama is to call explicitly on Mr Assad to hand over power, the White House said on Wednesday Syria would be better off without Mr Assad.
Ahead of a UN Security Council meeting on Wednesday evening to debate the crackdown, US Ambassador to the UN Susan Rice tweeted that sentiment, adding that she was encouraged by the "growing chorus of international condemnation".
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White House spokesperson Jay Carney: "Syria would be better off without President Assad"
And, adds our correspondent, since the Security Council issued statement of concern on Syria a week ago, calling for those responsible to be held "accountable", the crackdown has actually intensified, reportedly killing 300 people.
'Stealing bodies' The Syrian Revolution Co-ordination Union (SRCU), an opposition activist group, said 18 people were killed and more wounded in Wednesday's crackdown in Homs, 165 km (100 miles) north of the capital Damascus.
One activist said security forces had launched a huge operation, arresting people, searching their homes and firing on anyone trying to escape.
"The security forces stole the dead bodies from the streets and fired at a car that was carrying a wounded civilian causing it to stop, after which the tank destroyed the car by running over it," said Syrian activist group the Local Co-ordination Committees (LCC) on its Facebook page.
On Wednesday, activists said tanks and armoured vehicles had also attacked a number of north-western towns and villages near the Turkish border, reportedly killing several people.
The restive central city of Hama was quiet on Wednesday after a 10-day operation by the Syrian army that killed dozens of opposition activists.
There was no visible army presence inside the city, said a BBC correspondent who visited Hama at the invitation of the Syrian authorities and saw dozens of armoured personnel carriers and tanks being carried away from the city on trucks.
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